The aim of this study was to investigate a small anthrax outbreak in the village of Dilovası/Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey. After diagnosis as cutaneous anthrax of index case, a field investigation was performed in the patient's village. The source of the outbreak was uncontrolled slaughter of infected cows. Cultures were performed from clinical samples of the patients. Totally 12 patients were diagnosed as cutaneous anthrax with their clinical features. All the lesions of the patients were in the form of anthrax pustule. The patients ages ranged from 18 to 61 years (mean age: 34.41 + 15.38). Seven patients were female. Before their admission, 10 of the patients had been under effective antibiotic therapy. The cultures from these patients were negative. In the two patients who previously had not received antibiotics the gram- and methylen blue-stained preparations made from their lesions showed bacilli compatible with B. anthracis; the bacterium was isolated in the culture made from one of these two patients. The isolated B. anthracis strain was found susceptible to penicillin, eritromycin, cefazolin, cefoperazone, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin and imipenem, and resistant to trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole, ceftazidime and cefotaxime. All the patients recovered with penicillin treatment.