The seroprevalence of parenterally transmitted hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) in hemodialysis patients is higher than in normal population. In this study, the aim was to determine the seroprevalence of HBV and HCV and to evaluate viral load and genotypes in hemodialysis patients. The study was done in 289 hemodialysis patients, applying to four different hemodilysis centers, between 2000 and 2003. The patients who had chronic viral hepatitis and native immunization were excluded. The liver function tests, viral hepatitis markers (HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti-HCV, anti-HAV IgG, anti-HEV, anti-HDV), the ages of patients, the duration of hemodialysis treatment of patients and risk factors for chronic viral hepatitis (curetage, tooth extraction, blood transfusion) were evaluated. The serum samples of patients which were positive for HBsAg and/or anti-HCV were tested with PCR method to detect viral load (HBV-DNA and HCV-RNA) and genotype. Sixty eight (23.5%) of 289 cases were asymptomatic hepatitis carriers, 34 of them were female and 34 male. The age range was 9-85 (45.2±16.9). Of the patients 44.6% were positive for anti-HBs, 8.76% for HBsAg, 14.9% for anti-HCV, and 0.8% for HBV plus HCV 0.8%. The mean hemodialysis treatment duration was 1-254 (53.3±47.3) days, ALT level was 2-83 (18.0±12.0) IU/ml, AST level was 2-144 (20.0±14.0) IU/ml. In 9 (30%) of 25 HBsAg positive cases the HBV-DNA levels and in 11 (25.6%) of 43 anti-HCV positive cases the HCV RNA levels were quantitavely high. In two patients despite HBsAg and anti-HCV co-positivity the viral load was negative. The genotypes of all HBV cases were genotype D, and HCV cases were genotype 1 b. All data were analysed with SPSS. Viral load levels of hepatitis carriers and risk factors, age and gender were not statistically significant. It was found that anti-HBs and anti-HCV positivity increased with duration of hemodialysis (p< 0.005). In hemodialysis patients, transmission of HBV and HCV is correlated with time. Possible transmissions could be hindered with preventive measures. For therapeutic measures viral load should be detected qantitatively in asymptomatic HBV and HCV carriers of hemodialysis patients and also genotypes should be considered.