Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a major cause of severe infection in transplant recipients and also causes congenital infection in newborns. Detection of CMV pp65 antigen and CMV-DNA is important for the diagnosis of CMV disease. The aim of this study was to compare CMV antigenemia and CMV-DNA assays used in the diagnosis of CMV infection. Totally of 49 blood samples from 24 patients suspected of CMV disease were included in the study. Twelve of the patients were newborns and 12 were bone marrow and renal transplant recipients. The blood samples of transplant recipients were collected in months 1-3 following transplantation. Cytomegalovirus pp65 antigen was detected by indirect immunofluorescence technique (CINAkit, Argene-Biosoft, France), and CMV-DNA by hybrid capture assay (Digene, USA). Cytomegalovirus antigen and CMV-DNA were negative in 30 (61%) of the samples. Both assays were found positive in five. Nine samples were antigenemia positive, but CMV-DNA negative. Five samples were CMV-DNA positive, but antigenemia negative. No significant difference was found between the two methods by χ² test. It is concluded that CMV antigenemia and CMV-DNA assays should be performed together for the diagnosis of CMV infection.