With the purpose to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and carriage of HBsAg in Erzurum and its vicinity, HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc were investigated by micro-ELISA method in 384 subjects (189 females and 195 males), belonging to different socio-economic and age groups (mean age: 41.0±7.0). The seroprevalence of HBV was found as 36.7% and carriage rate of HBsAg 9.1% in the studied region. However not significant statistically, both the carriage of the HBsAg and seropositivity of HBV were higher in males. Both the seropositivity and carriage the increased gradually up to 30 years of age and then decreased gradually. HBsAg carriage was not related to socio-economic level, but HBV seroprevalance was higher in the low socio-economic level (p<0.05); HBV seropositivity was higher in males than in females in the high socio-economic level (p<0.01). The education level was inversely related to HBV seroprevalance and carriage of HBsAg. The most important factor that increased the seroprevalance of HBV infection was to reside in the same home with an HBV carrier (p<0.01).