The purpose of this study was to determine the nasal carriage rate of Staphylococcus aureus in hemodialysis patients and in vitro antibiotic susceptibility of the bacterium. Nose cultures taken from 1/3 anterior nares of 77 hemodialysis patients in the hemodialysis centers of Abant Izzet Baysal University Hospital and Düzce State Hospital were examined bacteriologically. Nasal carriage rate of Staphylococcus aureus was 52 (67.5%). The susceptibility of all isolates was studied with agar screening test against oxacillin and other antibiotics with disc diffusion test according to NCCLS guidelines, respectively. Oxacillin susceptibility rate was 59.6%. Mupirocin susceptibility rates of oxacillin-susceptible and -resistant S. aureus isolates were 6.5% and 14.3%, respectively. No resistance to vancomycin was detected. In conclusion, although mupirocin is the most effective drug available to achieve eradication of nasal carriage, it is a fact that resistance to mupirocin is increasing.